Dermatology · Pigmentary Disorders
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Melasma presents as symmetric, hyperpigmented macules and patches typically involving the malar cheeks, forehead, and chin.
The primary risk factors for melasma include ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, pregnancy, and the use of oral contraceptives.
Melasma is most commonly seen in women of reproductive age with Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI.
Wood’s lamp examination is used to classify melasma into epidermal, dermal, or mixed types based on the enhancement of pigment.
The first-line treatment for melasma is strict photoprotection with broad-spectrum sunscreen and avoidance of sun exposure.
Triple therapy consisting of hydroquinone, a topical retinoid, and a topical corticosteroid is the gold standard pharmacological treatment.
Melasma is frequently referred to as the mask of pregnancy due to its strong association with hormonal fluctuations.
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